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General Tutorial

The resolution of an image refers to the number of pixels used to represent its graphic detail, measured in the number of pixels per linear inch (ppi). A pixel is the smallest element of a raster image.

The resolution of an output device like a printer, image setter or a computer or TV screen is measured in lines per inch (lpi), and it is the relation between the resolution of the image on the one hand and the output device on the other that determines the quality of the image.

For example, the resolution of a computer monitor is 72 ppi. If an image has the same resolution, it will look fine when viewed at actual size (100%), as is the case with images on a web page like this one. However, if the image were enlarged by 200%, the quality would deteriorate, because the monitor would display each pixel of the image spread out over 2 pixels of the monitor's resolution, resulting in a so-called 'pixelated' image - the naked eye can now distinguish the pixels that the image is made up of.

Laser printers can produce acceptable quality output at a resolution of around 400 lpi. Scanners and image setters can handle much higher resolutions of up to 1200 lpi. This is important when producing output of line art like text and vector artwork, which will be pin-sharp even when printed at large sizes.

It is important to note that raster line art images like JPEG files should not be reproduced larger than their actual size, because doing so will result in a pixelated image (see above). Vector files however, can be reproduced at any size because they are resolution independent. Since these files use mathematical coordinates to describe curves and lines on a page, the quality of the image is determined by the resolution of the output device and not by the size of the original image. Also, the size of an image in computer terms (the number of bytes) will be much larger when using a raster format like JPEG than when using a vector format, especially when printing at large sizes.

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